Abstract. The research chronology covers the development of the Kazakh intelligentsia from the pre-revolutionary period to the 1920s and 1930s. The authors analyzes the revolutionary events in Russia and their impact on Kazakhstan’s political development, as well as the participation of the Kazakh intelligentsia in the national struggle for independence. The authors explores the biographies of the first female doctors, covering their medical, educational, and social activities not only in Kazakhstan but also in Central Asia. She also evaluates their significant contributions to healthcare, maternal welfare, and women’s rights. Based on the analysis of the research, press materials, and archival documents, a certain this article examines the role of women – representatives of the medical intelligentsia of Kazakhstan – Mubina Niyazova, Gulsum Asfendiyarova, and Elizaveta Bukeikhanova, in the development of healthcare and the socio-political life of the country in the early 20th century connection was revealed between doctors and the activities of the Kazakh people’s movement “Alash”. The aim of this study is to examine the contribution and legacy of the first female physicians to the development of healthcare and the socio-political life of Kazakhstan in the first quarter of the 20th century.
Methods. The study utilizes historical-biographical, sociocultural, and comparative methods.
Research results. It has been established that the first Kazakh women to receive higher medical education became pioneers in the field of professional medicine in a traditional society. Women in the medical profession made a significant contribution to reducing maternal and infant mortality and disseminating knowledge about sanitation and disease prevention.
Conclusions. The first female doctors in Kazakhstan made a significant contribution not only to the development of medicine but also to redefining the role of women in society. Their achievements became the starting point for subsequent changes in the status of women among the Kazakh people, and their memory remains an integral part of our national history.
Keywords: female doctors, healthcare, Alash movement, national intelligentsia, national liberation struggle