Annotation
This article presents a thorough review of contemporary literature, utilizing evidencebased medicine principles to address key aspects of atopic dermatitis prevalence, encompassing statistics regarding its incidence among both children and adults. Special emphasis is placed on the genetic predisposition to this condition, considering both endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to its development. Additionally, it examines the impact of environmental pollution on the severity of atopic dermatitis, underscores histamine's role as the primary inflammation mediator, and explores mechanisms leading to disrupted skin homeostasis due to decreased epidermal zinc levels.
Detailed discussions are provided on the principal pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the formation and progression of the disease process, involving lymphocytes, interleukins, and other cytokines that sustain inflammation, while also addressing immunological dysregulations, including those associated with the skin and gut microbiomes. Furthermore, the article reviews recent advancements and therapeutic approaches for atopic dermatitis, aimed at achieving pivotal treatment goals such as clinical remission, inflammation and itch reduction, prevention of secondary infections, restoration of skin barrier function, and mitigation of severe forms of the condition. A systematic approach to therapy selection is outlined, including various treatment regimens and the necessity of topical glucocorticoid use. Noteworthy attention is given to external therapies employing pastes, lotions, and ointments, along with strategies for preventing disease relapses through daily emollient application to the skin.

Keywords: atopic dermatitis, genetic predisposition, stepwise approach, prevention, emollient