Abstract

This article addresses a pressing issue in modern neonatology, focusing on a clinical case involving a patient with congenital leukemia. Congenital leukemia, being an extremely rare and severe form of leukemia, significantly contributes to high mortality rates among children during the early neonatal period. The article offers a literature review on acute leukemia in children, discusses the pathogenesis and clinical features of congenital leukemia, and presents a clinical case highlighting the incorrect approaches taken by a neonatologist at a maternity hospital and a pediatrician at a children's polyclinic in managing this condition.

In our view, this case underscores the importance of vigilance among neonatologists not only regarding intrauterine infections but also concerning blood diseases, including malignancies, which may present clinical manifestations during the early neonatal period. We believe that early detection of clinical signs and subtle blood abnormalities in newborns will enable neonatologists to conduct comprehensive evaluations of such children, facilitating the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions with similar clinical and laboratory presentations.
Keywords: congenital leukemia, a newborn